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Internet membuat orang menjadi egois.. Setujukah anda dengan kata- kata tadi????aku baca judul ini dari dekinet.com
Kalo aku sih setuju aja. Kenapa ga?contohnya aja di kampusku sendiri. Dimana dengan adanya internet orang jadi ingin menikmati bandwidth sendiri sehingga merugikan user lainnya sampai- sampai sabotase komputer server untuk memuaskan keinginan mereka. APalagi kalo udah download torrent, maka mereka akan langsung download banyak banget sehingga jaringan internet di fakultasku lambat. Biasanya yang di download oleh mereka yaitu film terbaru (bagus juga sih) tapi jangan keterusan sampai internetnya lambat kayak gini.
nb: mereka = buat yang merasa
Running the PVM
Adding node
PVM cluster have 2 way to add node (client) to master node, ie:
- make hostname on master node
- manually with type add name_node
1. Make Hostname
After fourth step we did it. It time to running program from $PVM_ROOT/example. Before do that we make hostname (for furthermore about hostname, you can read README file). We make hostname on $PVM_ROOT/lib with name pvm.hosts. File pvm.hosts containing with name of every node or like your /etc/hosts (You do this step on master node)
[root@node1 .ssh]# cat > pvm.hosts
node4
node1
node2
[root@node1 .ssh]#
[root@node4 lib]# /usr/local/pvm3/lib/pvm pvm.hosts
pvm> conf
conf
3 hosts, 1 data format
HOST DTID ARCH SPEED DSIG
node4 40000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
node1 80000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
node2 c0000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
pvm>
If you need more syntaks that can type on pvm mode (pvm > ), do you type help
pvm> help
help
help Print helpful information about a command
Syntax: help [ command ]
Commands are:
add Add hosts to virtual machine
alias Define/list command aliases
conf List virtual machine configuration
delete Delete hosts from virtual machine
echo Echo arguments
export Add environment variables to spawn export list
getopt Display PVM options for the console task
halt Stop pvmds
help Print helpful information about a command
id Print console task id
jobs Display list of running jobs
kill Terminate tasks
mstat Show status of hosts
names List message mailbox names
ps List tasks
pstat Show status of tasks
put Add entry to message mailbox
quit Exit console
reset Kill all tasks, delete leftover mboxes
setenv Display or set environment variables
setopt Set PVM options – for the console task *only*!
sig Send signal to task
spawn Spawn task
trace Set/display trace event mask
unalias Undefine command alias
unexport Remove environment variables from spawn export list
version Show libpvm version
pvm>
2. Add node manually
we add another node with type add node_name
[root@node4 lib]# pvm
pvm> conf
conf
1 host, 1 data format
HOST DTID ARCH SPEED DSIG
node4 40000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
pvm> add node1
add node1
1 successful
HOST DTID
node1 80000
pvm> add node2
add node2
1 successful
HOST DTID
node2 c0000
pvm> conf
conf
3 hosts, 1 data format
HOST DTID ARCH SPEED DSIG
node4 40000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
node1 80000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
node2 c0000 LINUX 1000 0×00408841
pvm>
Now every node is connected
Important:
pvm > halt is not same with pvm > quit. pvm > halt is shutdown the pvm and pvm > quit is pvm still working and quit from pvm mode ( pvm > ). This even sometime is happen, that is your PC shutdown with automatic or do you intentionally shutting down your PC but the pvm cluster is working. And do you swith on your PC again then type pvm
# pvm
pvm already running
#
Don’t be so confuse, if it happen you can delete temporary file of pvm that it still running on /tmp
# rm -rf /tmp/pvm*
#pvm
pvm >
Try our example
Change your directory on /usr/local/pvm3/example
[root@node1 root]# cd /usr/local/pvm3/example
[root@node4 examples]# aimk master1 slave1
making in LINUX/ for LINUX
cc -g -I../../include -DSYSVSIGNAL -DNOWAIT3 -DRSHCOMMAND=\”/usr/bin/ssh\” -DNEEDENDIAN -DFDSETNOTSTRUCT -DHASERRORVARS -DCTIMEISTIMET -DSYSERRISCONST -DNOTMPNAM -o master1 ../../examples/master1.c -L../../lib/LINUX -lpvm3
../../lib/LINUX/libpvm3.a(lpvmgen.o)(.text+0×292): In function `pvmlogperror’:
: `sys_errlist’ is deprecated; use `strerror’ or `strerror_r’ instead
../../lib/LINUX/libpvm3.a(lpvmgen.o)(.text+0×289): In function `pvmlogperror’:
: `sys_nerr’ is deprecated; use `strerror’ or `strerror_r’ instead
mv master1 ../../bin/LINUX
……….
………..
[root@node4 examples]# cd ../bin/LINUX
copy slave1 to client node (node 2 &1)
[root@node4 LINUX]# scp slave1 root@node1:/usr/local/pvm3/bin/LINUX
slave1 100% |*****************************| 144 KB 00:00
then program master1
[root@node4 LINUX]# ./master1
Spawning 9 worker tasks … SUCCESSFUL
I got 1300.000000 from 7; (expecting 1300.000000)
I got 1500.000000 from 8; (expecting 1500.000000)
I got 700.000000 from 4; (expecting 700.000000)
I got 800.000000 from 0; (expecting 800.000000)
I got 100.000000 from 1; (expecting 100.000000)
I got 900.000000 from 5; (expecting 900.000000)
I got 300.000000 from 2; (expecting 300.000000)
I got 500.000000 from 3; (expecting 500.000000)
I got 1100.000000 from 6; (expecting 1100.000000)
[root@node4 LINUX]#
Finally right now we can spawning the program to cluster.
Alhamdulillah, we can finish this tutorial to build PVM with SSH Passwordless. In this tutorial, maybe process of writing still have something in lacking. So I apreciated if you send suggestion me on e-mail thyspir4@gmail.com or thyspir@gmail.com,,,, because I still learn it.
If you want to download complete this tutorial, just click this
Taufik Hidayat
Bachelor Degree of University Of Trunojoyo (insyallah on this year)
Bangkalan, Indonesia
This morning at 2.13 AM 25 May 2008, i’m trying to use my PVM cluster. Finally I can compile program from $PVM_ROOT/example/. I know it’s to simple to every man that expert on it but i’m newbie and still learn to make it more better. Insyaallah I will make my own program
I configure my PVM cluster based on www.linuxjournal.com and some additional. In that site not just talk but always have implementation with step by step. You can search on www.linuxjournal.com with “Xen Virtualization and Linux Clustering, Part 1 &2” coz I just following it without Xen Virtualization implementation. Because as long as googling on internet, i’m found to many tutorial but it’s to confusing to implementation it. Now, let’s go to my tutorial.
I will to make PVM cluster with ssh passwordless (it mean using ssh without password). In may tutorial PVM cluster using rsh but its to complicated to configure it. Coz in my experience I can configure rsh on node1 but if configure on node2 i’m failed. I don’t know which it wrong.
Master node (node4)
client node (node1 , node2)
File that you modified in beginning, ie:
- /etc/hosts
- /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub (generated from ssh-keygen on node4 ) on master node
- /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub –> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys on client node (node1 & 2)
- /usr/local/pvm3 (extraction of pvm3.4.4.tgz)
First, edit file /etc/hosts on every node to know where running PVM spawning its program.
[root@node4 root]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
10.1.1.104 node1
10.1.1.103 node2
10.1.1.113 node3
10.1.1.114 node4
[root@node4 root]#
Second step, generate ssh (master node)
[root@node4 root]# cd ~
[root@node4 root]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f .ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
fd:74:a2:d6:b4:fc:c9:b3:ea:66:c8:97:df:97:5d:f6 root@node4
[root@node4 root]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_dsa id_dsa.pub
I use empty passphrase.Now copy id_dsa.pub from node4 to client (node1&2)
[root@node4 root]# scp ~/.ssh/id_dsa root@node1:~/.ssh/
id_dsa 100% |*****************************| 668 00:00
[root@node4 root]#
Third step, make change id_dsa.pub to authorized_keys
On client side
[root@node1 root]# ~
[root@node1 root]# cd ~/.ssh/
[root@node1 .ssh]# ls
id_dsa.pub known_hosts known_hosts~
Now change id_dsa.pub to authorized_keys
[root@node1 .ssh]# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[root@node1 .ssh]# rm -rf id_dsa.pub
Right now from master node (node4) you can login to node1 or node2 without password
[root@node4 root]# ssh node1
Last login: Sun May 25 02:39:28 2008 from node4
[root@node1 root]#
Fourth step, configure PVM
- extract pvm3.4.4.tgz to /usr/local
#tar xzf pvm3.4.4.tgz /usr/local
it will make directory /usr/local/pvm3
- Now we make change on $HOME/.bashrc (it mean on every user on node1,node2,node4). Do you add this line on .bashrc
PVM_ROOT=/usr/local/pvm3
export PVM_ROOT
then log off you’re your linux then log in again
- Edit LINUX.def and find the word “/usr/bin/rsh” change with “/usr/bin/ssh”
# cd /usr/local/pvm3/conf
# gedit /usr/local/pvm3/conf/LINUX.def
- Now change your directory to /usr/local/pvm3 to compile pvm then type make to compile it
# cd /usr/local/pvm3/
# make
Waiting compiling for several time. If the compiling working, its will make directory /usr/local/pvm3/LINUX
- edit again your .bashrc and add this line :
PVM_ARCH=LINUX
export PVM_ARCH
PVM_DPATH=/usr/local/pvm3/lib/pvmd
export PVM_DPATH
Barusan saja baca kompas.com bahwa komputer rakitan akan menggunakan IGOS (Indonesia Going Open Source). Nantinya CD- cd tersebut akan dibagukan gratis ke toko – toko beserta aplikasinya yaitu openoffice yang kemampuannya sudah tidak bisa dianggap remeh lagi dibandingkan deng Microsoft Office. Tapi selain IGOS, boleh juga menggunakan OS lainnya yaitu Fedora, Ubuntu, openSuse, dll
Sebenarya tidak ada salah menggunakan software propietary tapi dengan adanya open source maka akan menghemat devisa negara sebanyaksedikitnya 7,5 trilliun rupiah per tahun. Untuk menggunakan Microsoft boleh saja tapi dengan biaya tambahan yaitu 1 juta, belum termasuk Microsoft Office sebesar 4 juta.
“Boleh saja menggunakan Microsoft tetapi ada biaya tambahan yang lumayan besar yang untuk operating system-nya saja tambah Rp1 juta. Kalau mau tambah Microsoft Office tambah Rp4 juta,” kata Sekjen Asosiasi Pengusaha Komputer Indonesia (Apkomindo) Sutiono Gunadi di sela Penandatanganan MOU antara Kementerian Ristek dan Apkomindo (Asosiasi Pengusaha Komputer Indonesia) di Jakarta, Jumat (23/5)
Kira- kira dua bulan yang lalu Microsoft mengeluarkan versi Office yang pemakainnya tanpa pembelian software secara penuh, tetapi dengan cara isi ulang (maaf lupa nama program yang dilakukan Microsoft Office ini!! ) Jadi dalam pemakainnya kita membayar xx$ per jangka waktu yang ditentukan untuk mendapatkan license number . Lalu setelah jangka waktunya selesai maka Microsoft office tidak akan bisa dipakai mengetik tapi hanya bisa dipakai untuk viewer (melihat) file kita. Benar- benar banayak akalnya orang- orang Microsoft agar menarik pelanggan dalam menggunakan produk mereka!!!
So mana yang kamu pilih open Source atau Propietary????
Ketika iseng-iseng lagi bacain iklan di salah satu artikel situs …. ( Lupa ) pandanganku tertuju pada sebuah situs dengan nama yang unik yaitu My Search Funds. Situs ini sebenarnya tujuannya untuk mempererat atau menjalin tali persahabatan antar pengguna Internet dengan mengirimkan email kepada teman untuk memperkenalkan situs My Search Funds. Apanya sich yang luar biasa dari situs ini? Begini lho, jika kita menggunakan situs ini sebagai search engine ( Mesin Pencari ), kita akan mendapatkan komisi berupa uang dalam nominal tertentu untuk tiap pencarian. Berapa? Pokoknya lebih manusiawi daripada program Paid to Click atau Paid to Read yang ada. Anda dapat mencairkan uangnya bila sudah mencapai min $ 20.
Tapi tolong diingat, meskipun tiap pencarian dibayar tetapi bila Anda melakukan pencarian secara membabi buta, misalnya 1217 pencarian dalam satu hari, maka Account Anda akan dibekukan oleh pihak My Search Funds.
Anda tertarik? Segeralah bergabunglah ke My Search Funds sekarang juga! Nggak ada ruginya kok, gratis lagi dan tentu saja mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan.
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Harap maklum, ini bukan program untuk bikin orang kaya mendadak.
Sebenarnya artikel ini aku nukil dari alamat ini
Untuk remote client dalam linux kita biasa menggunakan ssh (Secure Shell), rsh (Remote Shell), dan masih banyak lagi lainnya. Dalam tutorial kali ini saya akan memberitahukan langkah- langkah dalam membuat rsh server di linux. Kenapa saya pake rsh dan bukannya menggunkan ssh???karena rsh server yang saya setting saat berhubungan dengan client tidak mengunakan password tetapi mempunyai akses seperti root (Hati- hati dalam setting kali ini, karena akan berdampak fatal pada orang yang bertingkah laku iseng. Jadi saya tidak bertanggung jawab). Kalo berdampak fatal kenapa tetap pake rsh???Saat kita membuat clustering PC menggunakan MPI atau PVM maka kita menggunakan rsh untuk mengakses dan seluruh client dari server node. Jadi pekerjaan kita lebih mudah karena ga usah masukkan password berulang kali. Sebenarnya aku sih lagi belajar PVM, jadi ini untuk langkah awalnya untuk langkah selanjutnya. Tunggu saja untuk setting PVM-nya!!!!
Dalam setting rsh server kita memerlukan rsh-0.17-14 & rsh-server-0.17-14,biasanya sudah ada di CD instalasinya
lalu file yang perlu disetting :
- /etc/hosts
- /root/.rhosts
- /etc/xinetd.d/rsh
- /etc/xinetd.d/rlogin
- /etc/hosts.equiv
- /etc/securetty
- /etc/pam.d/rexec
- /etc/pam.d/rlogin
- /etc/pam.d/rsh
Nantinya semua file tersebut akan di modifikasi pada kedua PC (karena percobaan kali ini menggunakan 2 PC yaitu node1 dan node2 ) dan dalam posisi sebagai user root.
/etc/hosts
File ini berisi nama dari node atau PC yang akan dipakai. Edit pada kedua PC:
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
10.1.1.104 node1
10.1.1.103 node2
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
/root/.rhosts
Berisi nama PC yang akan menggunakan rsh. File ini biasanya belum tersedia jadi buat dahulu lalu isi seperti dibwah ini
[root@node1 labsi04]# cat /root/.rhosts
node1
node2
/etc/xinetd.d/rsh
Ubahlah filenya menjadi
# default: on
# description: The rshd server is the server for the rcmd(3) routine and, \
# consequently, for the rsh(1) program. The server provides \
# remote execution facilities with authentication based on \
# privileged port numbers from trusted hosts.
service shell
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
log_on_success += USERID
log_on_failure += USERID
server = /usr/sbin/in.rshd
}
/etc/xinetd.d/rlogin
Sama juga dengan rlogin
# default: on
# description: rlogind is the server for the rlogin(1) program. The server \
# provides a remote login facility with authentication based on \
# privileged port numbers from trusted hosts.
service login
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
log_on_success += USERID
log_on_failure += USERID
server = /usr/sbin/in.rlogind
}
/etc/hosts.equiv
Filenya berisi user (dalam hal ini root, user1)apa yang akan mengkses PC (node1,node2 )
node1 root
node2 root
node1 user1
node2 user1
/etc/securetty
Tambahkan tulisan rsh pada file ini
console
vc/1
vc/2
vc/3
vc/4
vc/5
vc/6
vc/7
vc/8
vc/9
vc/10
vc/11
tty1
tty2
tty3
tty4
tty5
tty6
tty7
tty8
tty9
tty10
tty11
rsh
/etc/pam.d/rexec
#%PAM-1.0
# For root login to succeed here with pam_securetty, “rexec” must be
# listed in /etc/securetty.
auth required pam_nologin.so
#auth required pam_securetty.so
auth required pam_env.so
auth required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
account required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
/etc/pam.d/rlogin
#%PAM-1.0
# For root login to succeed here with pam_securetty, “rlogin” must be
# listed in /etc/securetty.
#auth required pam_nologin.so
#auth required pam_securetty.so
auth required pam_env.so
auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so
auth required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
account required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
password required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
/etc/pam.d/rsh
#%PAM-1.0
# For root login to succeed here with pam_securetty, “rsh” must be
# listed in /etc/securetty.
auth required pam_nologin.so
#auth required pam_securetty.so
auth required pam_env.so
#auth required pam_rhosts_auth.so
account required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session required pam_stack.so service=system-auth
Setelah semua file dimodifikasi maka restart service rsh
[root@node1 labsi04]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
Testing[root@node1 labsi04]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
Testing dengan client
node 2
menjalankan fungsi date ke node 1
[root@node2 root]# rsh node1 date
Sun Jun 1 12:15:18 WIT 2008
[root@node2 root]#
login ke node 1
[root@node2 root]# rlogin node1
Last login: Sun Jun 1 12:14:11 from node2
You have mail.
Sekian dulu dari daya yach…..Aku terburu- buru nih karena temanku da ngajak pulang (^_^)
Buat mas basuki yang pulang ke Banyuwangi. Aku upload nih file titipan angga Klik ja http://www.mediafire.com/?90bhywxxmxd












